Chamomile's Active Components and Preparation



Chamomile Essential Oil
Image: www.essentialoils.com

The medicinal properties of chamomile are mostly derived from its essential oils (Natural Standard Monograph, 2010). German chamomile flowers contain approximately 0.4-2.0% blue volatile oil (McKay D, Blumberg J. 2006) that is comprised of over 120 identified components (Mann C, Staba E, 1986). The primary active components include α- bisabolol (up to 50%) and chamazulene (up to 15%) (Natural Standard Monograph, 2010). 



Molecular structure of α- bisabolol.
Image: www.dermaxime.com

The anti-inflammatory and

antispasmodic effects of chamomile can be attributed to the mentioned active compounds as well as α- bisabolol oxides A and B (Szoke, 2004) and flavonoids such as antigenins (Ross, 2008). Additionally, the anti-bacterial and fungicidal properties of chamomile can be attributed to α- bisabolol and spiroethers (Orav, 2010).

Molecular structure of chamazulene.
Image: www.dermaxime.com

Using various extraction methods, liquid extracts, capsules and tea for oral consumption can be prepared from the flower heads of the chamomile plant (Natural Standard Monograph, 2010).  In its most common form, chamomile tea is easily brewed by steeping the dried flowers of the plant in hot water. During this process, the tea must be covered to prevent the release of volatile components needed for healing (Ross, 2008).  Furthermore, chamomile extracts can also be used to prepare rinses and creams for topical usage (McKay D, Blumberg J. 2006).

Delicious and calming chamomile tea.
Image: www.sciencedaily.com